Oh so Lutheran is protestanism? I didnt know. I know a lot of protestant churches.
Though i never heard of calvinist churches.
Around the 16-1700 there was 5 very distinct forms of Christianity in Europe, the catholics, the orthodox, the lutherans, the calvinists and the "sects". Protestantism is a generic term for non-catholic/non-orthodox denominations.
Understanding the split in Christianity is very important to understand some of the political development around Europe. Orthodox Christianity for example carry the idea that one need to completely replace the old with something new, an idea that have been very influential in Russia and the importance of revolution to bring forth communism.
Luther was the most famous and influental but around that time there had already started a rebellion against the Catholic Church around germany/netherlands. These sects contained several of the smaller denominations, including what eventually became the puritans in Britain. Luther probably got some of his influence by allowing monarchies to become the new Christian leaders, breaking all ties with the Roman-Catholic church. One of the most devastating wars in Europe, the 30-year war, was fought between northern (Sweden) and western protestant monarchies and the catholic church. Luther stressed the importance of living your life in the secular world, doing your work in the secular world, while keeping faith.
John Calvin was french, but calvinism became very influential in britain, so was Social Darwinism that has it's roots in extreme liberalism. Understanding the theological problem with predestination is important if one wish to understand Calvinism, Social Darwinism and Prosperity Theology.
Doomsday and separatists sects didn't begun to spawn until around the renaissance. The Roman church exterminated pretty much every heretic they came across, but around this time they had begun to lose their power. Many of the most extreme Christian denominations have their roots in this era.
I have always been interested in Christian history, a subject I found fascinating.