Yes. Yes they're very different and they have similarities. Cultures are widely different, but we all have some things in common - most taboos (cannibalism, incest etc) - marriage ceremonies in every single culture under the Sun, usually some kind of death ritual or burial symbolizing that human life is important to us, usually some kind of justice system and system of laws, and usually a culture evolved to hopefully raise successful children and contribute meaningfully to the world.
Regardless of if you're Eastern, Western, African, Scandinavian or whatever, we usually share a *lot* more of the same behavior than we eschew. We amplify the differences because we're tribal as a species and we tend to do that at this stage of development.
That having been said, yeah, western and eastern RPGs are usually quite different and explore different themes. Compare something like Persona 4 to... like, Baldur's Gate. Are you celebrated for finding your "individuality" and "freedom" and celebrating that or are you celebrated for finding your "place" in "society" and "confirming" to eventually be a part of a larger commune; that's the main difference in philosophy between "Eastern" and "Western" RPGs is the focus on individual success and growth as opposed to collective success, harmony, and growth.